Sustainable Energy, Reliable And Modern Energy Services

Target 7.1 is measurable, as easier access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services becomes more common. It may be indicated by end user prices, the scale of electrification in areas, and the relative share of modern energy worldwide. As for target 7.2, a figure needs to be put on the target share of renewable energy to allow for measurement against a set standard. For 7.3, improvement in overall efficiency may be tracked using a production to usage ratio or by trends in energy intensities. In regard to targets 7.a and 7.b, investment in the development of sustainable energy and the energy infrastructure will serve as a viable indicator of progress. Summing up, all targets are measurable to quite an extent. Are the targets currently measured? The 1992 Earth Summit called on governments and NGOs at an international level to develop indicators of progress towards sustainable development. As a result of an international partnership initiative, a report was produced which described 30 Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development (EISD). The indicators proposed for keeping track of energy affordability were the share of a household s income being spent on electricity and the consumer end energy prices. The share of renewable energy in power generation was laid down as another indicator. Energy efficiency was measured by monitoring efficiency of energy conversion and distribution and by recording energy intensities in five different sectors. There existed a list ofShow MoreRelatedObjectives Of The Sixth Sustainable Development Goals1259 Words   |  6 PagesEnergy access is increasingly seen as a crucial driver for social and economic development and also assists with meeting basic human needs for food and shelter (IEA, 2004) . Energy was not explicitly considered in the Millennium Development Goals in 2000 or the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation in 2002. However the link between energy services and poverty reduction was clearly identified, as energy services and modern cooking fuels improved as a result (UNDP, 2005, PG.8). January 2016 will bringRead MoreIs It A Modern Energy Service?935 Words   |  4 Pagesby 2030, universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services will be ensured. By stating ‘universal access’, this target can be taken many ways. Do they mean they want the entire population to have access by 2030? If so, this is quite a goal to accomplish within 15 years. There is also the problem of the term ‘modern energy services’. Again, what constitutes a modern energy service? Something that is currently modern may no longer be modern by 2030 when it is implemented; would thatRead MoreSustainable Development Goals Of The United Nations957 Words   |  4 Pagesbeings, has proposed a set of sustainable development goals in place of the old Millennium Development Goals. Goal 7, which is related to energy and includes 5 targets, is aimed to â€Å"Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.† Measurability of the Targets From a personal perspective, it seems that most targets within Goal 7 are measurable. The first target, â€Å"by 2030 ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services†, is theoretically measurableRead MoreThe Un Recent Drafting Of A Sustainable Development Goals Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagesset of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and more specifically the idea behind goal number 7 : â€Å"Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all†1. Part One Because energy is one of the most fundamental states of the universe, it is easily measurable. In physics, calculating the energy of given a system is one of the most basic problems, whether the question applies to an electronics problem, thermodynamics one, or mechanical issue. We can thus assume that energy, as aRead MoreUsing Renewable Energy, Reliable And Reliable Source Of Energy Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesaffordable, reliable and modern energy services and/or renewable energy, rather than depending on inefficient sources, such as biomass, for energy. Target 7.3 can be measured by comparing passed to present/future improvements in energy efficiency. (i.e. lower cost, using renewable energy more efficiently) Target 7.a and b can be measured by comparing the amount of passed to present/future research that s transpire ameliorate the access and supplying to modern, sustainable, and renewable energy. 2) AreRead MoreObjectives Of A Sustainable Development Goals1002 Words   |  5 PagesSeventeen Sustainable Development Goals, drafted by the United Nations, consider to improve global sustainability. Goal 7 includes five targets that ensure access to sustainable, and modern energy for all. However, one of the targets described is not truly measurable. For instance, target 7.1 does not specify the type of modern energy services. In fact, different countries, based on their geographic locations or status of development, will rely on different types of modern energy services. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Current State Of Renewable Energy Consumption Between Today And 2030 Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesuniversal, affordable, reliable, and modern) are agreed to be defined as. What is considered to be affordable/reliable/modern can be subjective especially in a global context. Therefore, the dimensions can be measured, however the target itself is not truly measurable. Target 7.2: The global energy mix is the breakdown of the consumption of primary energy sources. The breakdown is based on the geographical regions of the world (Planà ¨te Énergies, 2015). If the different types of energy in regions all aroundRead MoreModern Day Growth And Development1055 Words   |  5 Pagesproblems we face continue to cultivate. The Sustainable Development Goals are one of the most recent initiatives to realize the danger the planet faces. Of the numerous environmental issues included in its schema, one is energy. More specifically, the need to warrant accessibility and affordability of modern energy to everyone across the globe. The agenda under this division of clean energy segments into multiple targets which the Division for Sustainable Development (DSD) of the United Nations hopesRead MoreThe, Reliable And Modern Energy Services993 Words   |  4 Pagesaccess to affordable, reliable and modern energy services by 2030. This target is relatively measurable on a macro-level based on the percentage of population with access to various forms of energy, such as solid fuels, biomass, gas, and electricity. However, the qualitative terms â€Å"affordable† and â€Å"modern† would need to be clarified in order for the target to be fully measurable. Target 7.2 aims to increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030. The shareRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Day Energy On The Environment1006 Words   |  5 PagesAs the progress of civilization has accelerated, the demand for energy has increased as well. Although energy is absolutely necessary for electricity, transportation and industry, the problem with modern day energy is the excessive use of fossil fuels, which supplies 80% of energy worldwide. Fossil fuels are the leading suppliers of carbon emissions into the atmosphere and are responsible for 82% of all Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions globally, due to human activity (Overview of Greenhouse Gases,

Compare and Contrast Iliad vs. Odessey - 1184 Words

How do Homer’s the Iliad and Odyssey compare and contrast? July 4, 2012 at 8:12 am How do Homer’s the Iliad and Odyssey compare and contrast? The Iliad begins with Chryses, a prophet of Apollo, coming to a Greek camp and offering valuable â€Å"penalty tokens† requesting the return of his daughter who the Greeks had captured in a raid. Because Agamemnon believed she was rightfully his, he refused. Most of his fellow Greeks wanted him to return her in order to avoid conflict. In order to preserve his time (honor, respect, value), Agamemnon brings danger to them all. Chryses prays to Apollo and a plague is released upon the Achaeans. Achilles, a basileus in the Greek army, suggests seeking insight from the prophet Calchas. Upon doing so†¦show more content†¦Traveling on, they pass by the island of the Sirens, whose seduce men with their song. Odysseus prevents his men from hearing their song and they make it past. Next, he passes by the monster Scylla and the whirlpool Charybdis. Five men are eaten, and the rest go to the island of Helios Hyperion, the sun. Circe warned him not to eat the cattle but they did anyway. When they sail away, Zeus destroys their boat to punish their impiety. Odysseus alone escapes. He finally comes to the island of Calypso, where the story began. In the text, â€Å"The Greeks, History, Culture and Society,† authors Morris and Powell compare and contrast the Iliad and the Odyssey as such, â€Å"The remarkable Odyssey†¦has a tripartite plot, but moves more in spirals than in a straight line. Whereas the Iliad describes a man at odds with his society, a man apart, the Odyssey describes a man who journeys far, suffers much then returns to his proper place in society†¦the Iliad is tragic, the Odyssey is comic [meaning the story ends in harmony and acceptance].† In the Iliad, people die in combat, often times honorable men against honorable men. Morals are a major theme expressed in the Iliad. Upholding a state of honesty, restraint, discipline, honor, and respect are important characteristics that are sought for. The Odyssey deals with Odysseus striving to return home and the morals of mortals are critiqued by Zeus. While Achilles challenges his commander Agamemnon and abhors devious

Multimodal Transport Network For Advanced -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Multimodal Transport Network For Advanced? Answer: Introduction VSU has 4000 students and 400 faculty those are connected via a wireless network system and it is necessary to implement a network access control that is capable of restricting and securing the authorization and authentication to the resources within the network. It is an attempt to implement a system that is feasible within the existing system of the VSU and a cost effective measure for ensuring the security of the wireless network. It has three component to perform the authentication and authorization of the physical devices such as router and switches and other network devices. The goal of this implementation is to define the authorization and authentication control for the devices and the users those are connected with the wireless network within the VSU campus. Security Requirements for Wireless Network of VSU-Vancouver VSU needs to protect the sensitive data in manner to detect the temper data and add limitations to the authorization and authentication to the network and data or information being transferred or stored in the network. The very first requirement is the encryption that is being travelled in the public network through using certified algorithms. Another requirement for securing this wireless network is two-authentication that is combination of a security token and something that the user knows. In this section biometric approaches can be recommended as the best option. WPA, WEP, and WPA2 are the necessary security requirements for establishment of the secured network within the wireless network facility of the VSU [6]. Regardless of the fact of encryption and other physical securities, wireless network cannot be completely secured with the wired connections. These three protocols are capable of protecting the wireless network and the systems needs to be upgraded after the implementatio n of this protocol within the WLAN of the VSU. However, intrusion could not be completely stopped with this protocol and thus similar protocol with inheritance properties WPA can also be implemented to the network in manner to provide safe passage and exchange of the information [11]. WPS could be helpful in enhancing the presented network and will also allow the devices to be linked with the modern access point. 802.1x Authentication Mechanism The presented network access has three components that includes core in the centre including routers, network access that includes switches, access point and others and the third component is the distribution that includes switches and PCs. The latter feature of the 802.1x is helpful in providing authentication manageable in the installation of this network [4]. The architecture presented in the network provides leverage to the decentralized access device in manner to provide scalable and cost effective encryption, at this mean time access control centralization can be implemented to some of the authentication servers. While running EAP over LAN, the encapsulation of EAP occurs over the message of LAN (EAPOL). The EAPOL packets format has been defined in the specification of the 802.1x. This led to the occurrence of the EAPOL communication between the authenticator (wireless access point) and the supplicant (user station) [8]. Thereafter the RADIUS protocol has been applied for the communication between the RADIUS server and the authenticator. When the end user tries to connect with the WLAN the authentication process gets started. After receiving the request, the virtual port gets created with the supplicant and during this situation, for the end user, the authenticator will be acting as the proxy to pass the authentication server on the behalf of the proxy [5]. The authentication data to the server will be limited by the authenticator and thereafter the negotiation takes place. Step-by-Step Procedure of Implementing 802.1x The core centralized system will be required including the routers that will be a radius server on the management stations as it is not supported with the TACACS+ authentication protocol. Thereafter, supplicant accounts will be created on the RADIUS server that will include the following considerations: The users of the VSU account will be connected to the authenticator port including the user name and password of the students and faculties while establishing 802.1x authentication mode [1]. MAC address of the node will be needed for the accounts connected to the authenticator port for both the username and the password. Every user and the system within the campus will have 802.1x client software for the connections established for the 802.1x authentication port. Third step will be Configuration of the Core system including the RADIUS client through configuring encryption key and IP address of the authentication servers on the VSU network. Forth step will be to configure the port access control on the switches that include the configuration of 802.1x port parameters, specifying the port roles, and enabling the 802.1x port-based network access control. Ethical Implication on VSU Secured Wireless LAN design There are many ethical issues in the implication of wireless LAN design for the VSU as if proper authorization and authentication is not implemented to the network it could be misused by any unauthorized individual [3]. The network need to be password protected as keeping the network open could be the easiest path for the intruders to enter the network and thus, access to the data or information saved in the network and could allow the intruder to access, manipulate or delete the data. This could also lead to privacy and security issues of the individuals connected to the network. There are the possibilities that any internal unauthorized user could get access to the data or information of other individual connected via the same network. Evaluate / Justification The presented network design has been created the required data points that need to be established at each points of the connectivity. In manner to enhance the efficiency and providing continuous flow of the network, access points have been installed at the layers of the network [7]. A three layer switch has been also implemented within the ground floor router in manner to manage the network and eliminate the risk of the network downtime while using the network. The voice packets and the data packets have been sent to the network through using different VLAN in manner to reduce the risk related to the communication delay and congestions in the risk. The routers those have been installed in the network are configured with the DHCP protocol in manner to allocate the IP to the connected network at its nodes [12]. For the configuration of the network, TDM, HDLC, and frame Relay has been used in which the frame relay has been implemented for the packet switching and high level data linkag e control in manner to establish the transmission of the data packets in the network. In manner to avoid the deadlock situation in the network, time division multiplexing has been established in the network in manner to enhance the security standard and efficiency of the developed system [2]. For the configuration of the VOIP devices within the network, RTP (Real Time Transfer Protocol) and SDP (Session Description Protocol) has been established. Conclusion Based on the above report it can be concluded that and established system has been presented for the implementation of the 802.1x based wireless network for the authorization and authentication at the Vancouver State University and related aspects of this implementation. This report explains the requirements needed for the security of the wireless network within the campus of the VSU and presented 802.1x as the solution for enhancing the security of the wireless network. This report emphasize on the enhancement of the security of the wireless network established within the existing system of the VSU. A diagram has been presented in this report that is a complete description of the network in manner to establish then secured network and establish the authorization and authentication of the users connected via the network. 802.1x authorization mechanism has been also proposed in this report that is being applied to the network and this mechanism is helpful in understanding the procedur es involved in the protection of the network. This ;implementation can be a helpful measure for the enhancement of the security of the wireless network established within the VSU however,, there are several ethical implications within the network that are the crucial factors while configuring the network with 802.1x authorization and authentication. References J. Xu, Z. Zhang, and J. Rong, The Campus Road Planning and Design Research, Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 43, pp. 579586, 2012. J. Wang, X. Bai, and J. She, Wireless Campus Network Design and Optimization Based on OPNET, Proc. - 2015 Int. Conf. Cyber-Enabled Distrib. Comput. Knowl. Discov. CyberC 2015, pp. 525528, 2015. M. Guo and J. Guo, Constructing smart campus network based on ubiquitous sensor technology, in 2015 5th International Conference on Information Science and Technology, ICIST 2015, 2015, pp. 265268. M. C. Chan, C. Chen, J. X. Huang, T. Kuo, L. H. Yen, and C. C. Tseng, OpenNet: A simulator for software-defined wireless local area network, in IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC, 2014, pp. 33323336. Z. Du, Y. Liu, and Y. Wang, Relation based access control in campus social network system, in Procedia Computer Science, 2013, vol. 17, pp. 1420. A. Masiero and A. Cenedese, On triangulation algorithms in large scale camera network systems, in Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2012. R. Balakrishna, H. Koutsopoulos, M. Ben-Akiva, B. Fernandez Ruiz, M. Mehta, J. Barcelo, S. Zhang, H. Yang, and L. Singh, Simulation-Based Evaluation of Advanced Traveler Information Systems, Transp. Res. Rec., vol. 1225, no. February, pp. 9098, 2014. G. N. Bifulco, G. E. Cantarella, and F. Simonelli, Design of signal setting and advanced traveler information systems, in Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Technology, Planning, and Operations, 2014, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 3040. J. Zhang, T. Arentze, and H. Timmermans, A multimodal transport network model for advanced traveler information systems, J. Ubiquitous Syst. Pervasive Networks, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 2127, 2012. A. Ben Ahmed, M. Meyer, Y. Okuyama, and A. Ben Abdallah, Adaptive error- and traffic-aware router architecture for 3D network-on-chip systems, in Proceedings - 2014 IEEE 8th International Symposium on Embedded Multicore/Manycore SoCs, MCSoC 2014, 2014, pp. 197204. A. Higgins, C. Begley, J. Lalor, I. Coyne, K. Murphy, and N. Elliott, Factors influencing advanced practitioners ability to enact leadership: A case study within Irish healthcare, J. Nurs. Manag., vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 894905, 2014. R. O. Topaloglu, ICCAD-2014 CAD contest in design for manufacturability flow for advanced semiconductor nodes and benchmark suite, in IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, Digest of Technical Papers, ICCAD, 2015, vol. 2015January, no. January, pp. 367368.

Australasian Accounting Business A Finance -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australasian Accounting Business A Finance? Answer: Introduction: The report is prepared to gain knowledge regarding the given case study by answering several questions attached with the same. Two cases are financial accounting in the real world 3.3 and 3.5 as provided. Financial accounting case 3.3 is about RBA right to doubt Lehman brother accounts and financial accounting case 3.5 is about retailers facing multibillion dollar hit from proposed lease accounting changes. Explanation of these two cases has been done by answering the questions related to each individual case. Retailers facing multibillion dollar hit from proposed lease accounting changes: Existing lease standard does not mandate reporting entities to disclose their operating lease on their statement of financial position rather than they are obliged to show financing lease. Financing leases appears on balance sheet while operating leases are not. Operating lease could be compared to regular rent agreements and finance leases are compared to debt purchase finance. Therefore, financing lease leads to leads to revealing of actual amount of debt that companies are owing to and this might hamper the financial reputation of investors from investors viewpoint. Opting for treating lease as operating lease does not lead to reveal actual amount of debts and therefore, it is preferred by company to treat lease as operating lease rather than financing lease (Arrozio et al., 2016). The new lease standard will have an impact on increasing the debt structures and balance sheet of companies as the focus is on operating lease capitalization. This increase in the balance sheet could suddenly violate the existing debt covenants. It depicts that for excluding the lease agreements, companies need to renegotiate exist debt covenants. Increased debt structure of companies covenants has the possibility of endangering violating debt covenants. This is so because such increased structure will have considerable impact on calculations financial covenants in arranging lease and other financial transactions. Shifting of operating lease into the debt structures will increase the amount of debt of borrowers (Wong Joshi, 2015). The credit arrangement would have ripple impact due to the implementation of this new lease standard. A debt covenant that relies on floated GAAP will have its calculation based on accounting rules in placing each time when the computation of covenant is done. On other hand, the calculation of debt covenants based on fixed GAAP is done on accounting rules using the debt covenants in place when it was negotiated originally. Borrowers relying on fixed GAAP will face lower risks and this is because when there is any change in accounting standard, then borrowers will not be exposed to debt covenants violation. Borrowings that are issued at the fixed rate do not expose the consolidated entry to interest rate risk that is valued fairly. On other hand, borrowings that are issues based on floating GAAP exposes the entity to fair value interest rate risks. Therefore, the differences between the debt covenants are likely to be attributable in terms of accounting treatment and the risks to borrowers. Debt covenants under fixed GAAP are not exposed to market risks and while that of floating GAAP are exposed to market risks (Beckman, 2016). Organizations, which are more likely to be lobby against the new accounting standard, can be explained by the determinants of lobbying in the field of setting accounting standards. As per the perception of managers, the possible impact of act on financial performance of organization will determine the lobbying decision. Organizations that are capital intensive and are required to make disclosure of huge volume of loans on their balance sheet are likely to lobby against the new lease accounting standard (Warren, 2016). Such organizations mostly treat lease as finance lease and make the disclosure of the same in the balance sheet as against companies treating lease as operating lease. RBA right to doubt Lehman brother accounts: Window dressing is the actions that are taken or are not taken prior to the issuance of financial statements for improving the appearance of financial statements. It is usually done by the management of company for improving the approaches of financing statements and this can take the form of removing the actual amount of value of debts that is owned by company, total manipulation of balance sheets. Window dressing can be performed any organizations who wants to look attractive in the investors eyes but in reality they are not (Edeigba Amenkhienan, 2017). Such practice can be exercised in all types of accounts such as accounts receivables, debt account, cash, revenue and expenses. Therefore, window dressing is the manipulation of the items of financial statements with an intention of concealing some usual transactions. This particular article is about the collapse of Lehman brothers that has manipulated its balance sheet with an intention of concealing huge amount of debts in the capital structure. Window dressing that has been done by Lehman brothers is concealing a debt of millions of dollars before its collapsing. Cause that was responsible for the collapse was practice of window dressing such as insisting on collateral for loans and unsecured mortgages. Accounting practice of organization was misleading and it is regarded as unethical on part of investors and organization as a whole. Before the collapse of bank, this particular financial institution has removed $ 50 million from the books of accounts. There was actionable manipulation of balance sheet and made non-culpable judgment errors in business. Moreover, Lehman brothers also made use of Repo 105 that was questionable by Reserve bank of Australia. The transactions related to Repo 105 and using this moved billion of Lehman accounts that ca me under scrutiny by banks. Accounting practice of Repo 105 led to moving of $ 39 billion of debt off balance sheet in 2007 in its final quarter and $ 49 billion in year 2008 in the first quarter and another amount of $ 50 billion in the second quarter (Grenier et al., 2015). Positive accounting theory is about the predictions of selection of accounting practices by organization by responding to any changes in accounting standard. It is the theory that helps in providing views with the descriptive information about the accountants behaviors. This particular theory is base done there three hypothesis and this involves bonus plan hypothesis, debt equity hypothesis and political cost hypothesis (Murphy, 2016). The case of Lehman brothers can be explained in the context of second hypothesis of positive accounting theory. It is illustrative of the fact that the more a company is in debt and the more it will be focusing on its present earnings due to presence of debt covenants. This particular perspective of the theory suggests it, that goal earning manipulation objective of organization should be consistent with the financial markets expectations. Manipulations of profit are done in the form of falsification and earnings management. Falsification is related to disclosing of wrong data to the users of financial statements and such actions are regarded as criminal activity (Backof et al., 2016). On other hand, earning management involves period postponement that influences the operations by changing method of measurements. The focus of this theory is the manipulation of profits done by the top-level management. In the case of Lehman brothers, it can be seen that organization was involved in both the perspectives of equity debt hypothesis according to positive accounting theory. Earning management was done in context of changing accounting practice that came under the scrutiny. It was mainly related to involve in is the use of repurchased agreements known as Repo 105 at Lehman brothers and this particular accounting practice has led to moving of billions of Lehman accounts. The main intention to use this particular accounting practice was to reduce or minimize the level of debt of organization and was used extensively before the crash. Furthermore, it was also engaged in falsification as it presented false figures in the balance sheet and duped investors. All such manipulation relating to understatement of debt in the statement of financial position was to be in line with the expectations of the financi al markets and their capability of influencing capital market. Faithful representation is one of the qualitative characteristics of conceptual framework of IASB that had been breached by Lehman brothers. The three economic phenomena that are embedded in the financial information that are represented faithfully involve neutrality, free from errors and completeness. The transactions of bank was not represented faithfully as it manipulated elements of balance sheets and reducing the level of debt and duped investors. Lehman brothers had breached their fiduciary duties and had presented a misleading picture of their financial position. Another qualitative characteristic that had been breached by organization is relevance that is operationalized in terms of confirmatory and predictive value. Such values are regarded as important indicators for value relevance in terms of decision usefulness of users. Lehman brothers had disclosed irrelevant figures on their balance sheet by moving the amount of debts off their balance sheet in every quarter of year 2007 and 2008. Therefore, it had breached characteristic of relevance. There is a high probability that companies with higher level of debts are more likely to engage in the practice of window dressing their financial statements. High level of debts in the capital structure of company is indicative of the fact that there is high proportion of debt in their capital structure and they are relying on borrowings for managing their finances. This depicts that organization might face liquidity problem and considerably affects their credit worthiness. Presence of high level of debts comes is indicative of the fact that enough cash has not been generated to clear their previous long-standing debts and the company is not liquid (Warren, 2016). There should be appropriate proportion of debt in comparison to the equity capital. Therefore, high level of debt increases the chance of practice of window dressing by companies. Furthermore, the higher the level of corporate net debt to total equity increases greater chance of their exposure to sudden changes in the valu e of liabilities and assets. Hence, presence of high debt level also increases the chances of posing internal risks in terms of their overall liabilities and assets. It can be concluded that organization having higher debt level have the higher possibility of engaging in the window dressing practices (Edeigba Amenkhienan, 2017). Nevertheless, such window dressing practices are often misleading, dupe investors, and are regarded as unethical. Conclusion: The two case study provided depicts that the new lease standard comes with some controversies and the practice of window dressing is more inclined towards high debt companies. It can be inferred from the analysis of case study 3.5 that new lease standard comes with challenges and some of the operations are expected to lobby against the new standard. Case of Lehman brothers depicts that high-level debt firms often engage in window dressing practices. Nonetheless, the practice of window dressing has overall negative impact in terms of reputation of organizations, as such practice is considered unethical. References Arrozio, M. M., Gonzales, A., da Silva, F. L. (2016). Changes in the financial ratios of the wholesale and retail sector companies arising from the new accounting of the operating lease.Revista Eniac Pesquisa,5(2), 139-159. Backof, A. G., Bamber, E. M., Carpenter, T. D. (2016). Do auditor judgment frameworks help in constraining aggressive reporting? Evidence under more precise and less precise accounting standards.Accounting, Organizations and Society,51, 1-11. Beckman, J. K. (2016). FASB and IASB diverging perspectives on the new lessee accounting: Implications for international managerial decision-making.International Journal of Managerial Finance,12(2), 161-176. Cheng, J. (2015). Small and Medium Sized Entities Managements Perspective on Principles-Based Accounting Standards on Lease Accounting.Technology and Investment,6(01), 71. Edeigba, J., Amenkhienan, F. (2017). The Influence of IFRS Adoption on Corporate Transparency and Accountability: Evidence from New Zealand.Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal,11(3), 3-19. Gimbar, C., Hansen, B., Ozlanski, M. E. (2016). The effects of critical audit matter paragraphs and accounting standard precision on auditor liability.The Accounting Review,91(6), 1629-1646. Grenier, J. H., Pomeroy, B., Stern, M. T. (2015). The effects of accounting standard precision, auditor task expertise, and judgment frameworks on audit firm litigation exposure.Contemporary Accounting Research,32(1), 336-357. Murphy, M. L. (2016). Bringing Leases into View: With New Assets and Liabilities Coming onto Balance Sheets, It's Time for Preparers and Practitioners to Act.Journal of Accountancy,221(4), 23. Picker, R., Clark, K., Dunn, J., Kolitz, D., Livne, G., Loftus, J., Van der Tas, L. (2016).Applying international financial reporting standards. John Wiley Sons. Sliwoski, L. J. (2017). Understanding the New Lease Accounting Guidance.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,28(4), 48-52. Warren, C. M. (2016). The impact of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)/International Financial Reporting Standard 16 (IFRS 16).Property Management,34(3). Wong, K., Joshi, M. (2015). The impact of lease capitalisation on financial statements and key ratios: Evidence from Australia.Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal,9(3), 27.